Power quality begins with electricity generation. In theory, the nice generated sine should travel the whole way to the consumer and remain the same on the way back. In practice, this doesn’t…

Measurements After the installation passes visual inspection, electrical measurements are necessary to ensure operational safety. Earth resistance is measured at the main earth electrode. If there is space available and ground allows…

Measuring a large earthing system is difficult. It takes extremely long wires, possibly multiple kilometres long, and repetition of the measurement at different locations to validate the result. Some of these problems…

Traditional fuels for generation of electrical energy include burning of fossil fuels, waste, biomass, and nuclear energy. Their obvious problem is environmental cost. The footprint is high for fossil fuels, mainly as…